Useful reading materials

Interesting facts

Approximately 75% of the Earth is covered by the water. In addition to that the water exists as a vapour in the atmosphere, as a moist on the soil, as a groundwater inside the ground, as the glaciers and as an outflow of used water.
There is about 525 million cubic kilometers of water in our planet. Approximately 4990 cubic kilometers of that circulates as a vapour constantly in the atmosphere. Every day 450 cubic kilometers of water evaporates from the Earth. If all the evaporated water should come down to the ground at the same time, the level of water on the Earth will raise by 25 cm.
It is interesting that the whole water amount of our planet is today the same as it was millions of years ago, because the amount of water is not increasing and it is in constant circulation.
All living organisms need water in order to stay alive. Besides the breathable air water is our second most important need, because 66% of human body consists of water. Water forms 70% of our skin;
75% of our brain; 
83% of our blood;
90% of our lungs.
In addition to that the water will remove recrements from human organism and keeps our body temperature stable. A man can survive without food for about a month, but only 5 or 6 days without the water.
A man needs 2-3 litres of water a day, in order to stay healthy.
A man drinks about 60 000 litres of water during his lifetime.
A man uses approximately 140 litres of water a day, 2/3 of that in the bathroom.
You can save 15-20 litres of water by closing the tap when you are brushing your teeth. A man uses 7 -25 litres of water a day in the toilet.
A man consumes ~80 litres of water during 5 minutes of shower in average.
The same amount of water will be consumed for washing of one machine load of laundry.
A dripping tap can produce 300 up to several thousand litres of water in a week, depending on dripping speed.
Since 97% of water resources are salty and 2% of that is formed by the permafrost, we must take good care of the remaining 1% of usable water. Everyone can make his contribution here through the economical and repeated use of the water.

How we can impact the water quality

As regards the protection of water bodies and groundwater, then it is very important that all our wastewaters will be correctly treated. Wastewater contains lots of nutrients, such as phosphor and nitrogen, which accelerate the epiboly and swamping of the water bodies. In addition to that the organic matters found in wastewater exhaust the oxygen resources. That in its turn causes the occlusion of trenches and water bodies and impacts the fish resources.
If the wastewaters will be directed unpurified to the nature, the bacteria and the other disease agents can damage the beaches, wells and groundwater. The most direct danger to our health is the contagious diseases and poisonings. Contamination with bacteria and viruses will usually take place then, when the feces end up in drinking water.
Nowadays we take the functioning water supply and sewerage for granted. Washing waters and other wastewaters are flushed down the sinks and receptacles. Hereby many of us tend to forget that although these waters disappear, they will not be destroyed, but will end up in the wastewater cleaning device.
The water, which has permeated through the wastewater cleaning device, is so pure, that it can be directed to the nature without any risk to the environment. But several inappropriate substances and items end up in the cleaning device as a result of human negligence. Effective performance of the wastewater cleaning device and especially its biological part are very sensitive. In the course of biological purification most of the polluting substances, such as organic pollution, nitrogen and phosphor, will be bound with the microorganisms, living under suitable conditions in the suspension of wastewater and active sludge. If those suitable conditions turn out to be unsuitable for the microorganisms, then it will decrease the efficiency of purification process in terms of other polluting substances. Also the excessive solid parts accelerate the blockage of the wastewater cleaning device and shorten the length of an obligatory maintenance period, which means additional expenses.
Thus the effective performance of the wastewater cleaning device depends directly on our behaviour. One has to put the food waste and garbage to the garbage cans. Dangerous waste must be delivered to the special collection points. That way we can reduce the amount of dangerous substances, which end up in the surrounding environment through the dripping water coming from the landfill.
It is not allowed to throw to the sewerage the pieces of clothing, female sanitary towels, condoms, paper napkins, food waste and expired medicines. It is also not permitted to use the toilet as a garbage can, because the unfoundedly big water consumption will sooner or later bring along the blockage of sewerage pipes. It also not allowed to flush down the sewerage oils, fertilizers, paints, solvents and other substances, which can impact the functioning of biological process of the wastewater cleaning device.
Use of natural cleaning devices instead of the synthetic ones will also impact the water quality. In general the cleaning devices, in which package is a mark that they do not contain phosphates, chlorine compounds and consist of biologically decomposable substances, which are harmless to the environment, are considered to be nature-friendly.